Dataset
HadISD: Global sub-daily, surface meteorological station data, 1931-2018, v3.0.0.2018f
Abstract
This is version 3.0.0.2018f of Met Office Hadley Centre's Integrated Surface Database, HadISD. These data are global sub-daily surface meteorological data that extends HadISD v2.0.2.2017f to include 2018 and so spans 1931-2018.
The quality controlled variables in this dataset are: temperature, dewpoint temperature, sea-level pressure, wind speed and direction, cloud data (total, low, mid and high level). Past significant weather and precipitation data are also included, but have not been quality controlled, so their quality and completeness cannot be guaranteed. Quality control flags and data values which have been removed during the quality control process are provided in the qc_flags and flagged_values fields, and ancillary data files show the station listing with a station listing with IDs, names and location information.
The data are provided as one NetCDF file per station. Files in the station_data folder station data files have the format "station_code"_HadISD_HadOBS_19310101-20181231_v3-0-0-2018f.nc. The station codes can be found under the docs tab or on the archive beside the station_data folder. The station codes file has five columns as follows: 1) station code, 2) station name 3) station latitude 4) station longitude 5) station height.
To keep informed about updates, news and announcements follow the HadOBS team on twitter @metofficeHadOBS.
For more detailed information e.g bug fixes, routine updates and other exploratory analysis, see the HadISD blog: http://hadisd.blogspot.co.uk/
References:
When using the dataset in a paper you must cite the following papers (see Docs for link to the publications) and this dataset (using the "citable as" reference) :
Dunn, R. J. H., Willett, K. M., Parker, D. E., and Mitchell, L.: Expanding HadISD: quality-controlled, sub-daily station data from 1931, Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 5, 473-491, doi:10.5194/gi-5-473-2016, 2016.
Dunn, R. J. H., et al. (2012), HadISD: A Quality Controlled global synoptic report database for selected variables at long-term stations from 1973-2011, Clim. Past, 8, 1649-1679, 2012, doi:10.5194/cp-8-1649-2012
Smith, A., N. Lott, and R. Vose, 2011: The Integrated Surface Database: Recent Developments and Partnerships. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 92, 704–708, doi:10.1175/2011BAMS3015.1
For a homogeneity assessment of HadISD please see this following reference
Dunn, R. J. H., K. M. Willett, C. P. Morice, and D. E. Parker. "Pairwise homogeneity assessment of HadISD." Climate of the Past 10, no. 4 (2014): 1501-1522. doi:10.5194/cp-10-1501-2014, 2014.
Details
| Previous Info: |
2024-02-21 Note, a long-standing bug was discovered in autumn 2023 whereby the neighbour checks (and associated [un]flagging for some othe… Show More 2024-02-21 Note, a long-standing bug was discovered in autumn 2023 whereby the neighbour checks (and associated [un]flagging for some other tests) were not being implemented. This has been corrected within the later version v3.4.0.2023f to HadISD. For more details see the posts on the HadISD blog: https://hadisd.blogspot.com/2023/10/bug-in-buddy-checks.html & https://hadisd.blogspot.com/2024/01/hadisd-v3402023f-future-look.html Show Less |
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| Previously used record identifiers: |
No related previous identifiers.
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| Access rules: |
Public data: access to these data is available to both registered and non-registered users.
Use of these data is covered by the following licence(s): http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/non-commercial-government-licence/version/2/ When using these data you must cite them correctly using the citation given on the CEDA Data Catalogue record. |
| Data lineage: |
HadISD the global sub-daily station dataset was produced by the Met Office Hadley Centre. It was derived from the Integrated Surface Dataset (ISD) from NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). HadISD has been passed to the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) for archiving and distribution. |
| Data Quality: |
CF-Compliant NetCDF, see documentation for quality control processes used to produce these data. These data are quality controlled by the data provider, the Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) and not the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA)
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| File Format: |
The data are NetCDF formatted.
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Related Documents
Process overview
| Title | HadISD station data processing performed at the Met Office Hadley Centre |
| Abstract | The HadISD station data were produced by the Met Office Hadley Centre. Individual station data within the ISD were selected selected on the basis of their length of record and reporting frequency. A merging algorithm using their location, elevation and station name identified candidates suitable to combine together. All stations were passed through a suite of automated quality control tests designed to remove bad data whilst keeping the extremes. None of the ISD flags were used in this process. The QC tests focussed on the temperature, dewpoint temperature and sea-level pressure variables, although some were applied to the wind speed and direction and cloud data. The data files also contain other variables which were pulled through from the raw ISD record, but have had no QC applied (e.g. cloud base and precipitation depth). Notes: For further details see: |
| Input Description | None |
| Output Description | None |
| Software Reference | None |
- standard_name: cloud_base_altitude
- units: meters
- var_id: cbase
- long_name: Cloud base of lowest cloud layer
- names: cloud_base_altitude, Cloud base of lowest cloud layer
- units: mm
- standard_name: lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount
- var_id: precipitation_amount
- long_name: Depth of Precipitation Reported in 1 hour (from all four ISD fields)
- names: lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount, Depth of Precipitation Reported in 1 hour (from all four ISD fields)
- units: mm
- standard_name: lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount
- long_name: Depth of Precipitation Reported in 12 hour (from all four ISD fields)
- var_id: precip15_depth
- names: lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount, Depth of Precipitation Reported in 12 hour (from all four ISD fields)
- units: mm
- standard_name: lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount
- long_name: Depth of Precipitation Reported in 18 hour (from all four ISD fields)
- var_id: precip18_depth
- names: lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount, Depth of Precipitation Reported in 18 hour (from all four ISD fields)
- units: mm
- standard_name: lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount
- long_name: Depth of Precipitation Reported in 2 hour (from all four ISD fields)
- var_id: precip2_depth
- names: lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount, Depth of Precipitation Reported in 2 hour (from all four ISD fields)
- units: mm
- standard_name: lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount
- long_name: Depth of Precipitation Reported in 24 hour (from all four ISD fields)
- var_id: precip24_depth
- names: lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount, Depth of Precipitation Reported in 24 hour (from all four ISD fields)
- units: mm
- standard_name: lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount
- long_name: Depth of Precipitation Reported in 3 hours (from all four ISD fields)
- var_id: precip3_depth
- names: lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount, Depth of Precipitation Reported in 3 hours (from all four ISD fields)
- units: mm
- standard_name: lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount
- long_name: Depth of Precipitation Reported in 6 hour (from all four ISD fields)
- var_id: precip6_depth
- names: lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount, Depth of Precipitation Reported in 6 hour (from all four ISD fields)
- units: mm
- standard_name: lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount
- long_name: Depth of Precipitation Reported in 9 hour (from all four ISD fields)
- var_id: precip9_depth
- names: lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount, Depth of Precipitation Reported in 9 hour (from all four ISD fields)
- units: degree_Celsius
- standard_name: dew_point_temperature
- var_id: tds
- long_name: Dew point temperature at screen height (~2m)
- names: dew_point_temperature, Dew point temperature at screen height (~2m)
- standard_name: air_temperature
- var_id: tas
- units: degree_Celsius
- long_name: Dry bulb air temperature at screen height (~2m)
- names: air_temperature, Dry bulb air temperature at screen height (~2m)
- units: 1
- var_id: clhigh
- long_name: High cloud cover (oktas)
- standard_name: high_type_cloud_area_fraction
- names: High cloud cover (oktas), high_type_cloud_area_fraction
- units: 1
- var_id: cllow
- long_name: Low cloud cover (oktas)
- standard_name: low_type_cloud_area_fraction
- names: low_type_cloud_area_fraction, Low cloud cover (oktas)
- units: 1
- var_id: clmid
- long_name: Mid cloud cover (oktas)
- standard_name: medium_type_cloud_area_fraction
- names: medium_type_cloud_area_fraction, Mid cloud cover (oktas)
- units: 1
- long_name: Quality Control status for individual obs
- var_id: quality_control_flags
- names: Quality Control status for individual obs
- units: hPa
- var_id: psl
- standard_name: air_pressure_at_sea_level
- long_name: Reported Sea Level Pressure at screen height (~2m)
- names: air_pressure_at_sea_level, Reported Sea Level Pressure at screen height (~2m)
- units: hPa
- standard_name: surface_air_pressure
- long_name: Reported Station Level Pressure at screen height (~2m)
- var_id: stnlp
- names: surface_air_pressure, Reported Station Level Pressure at screen height (~2m)
- units: 1
- var_id: pastsigwx1
- long_name: Reported past significant weather phenomena
- standard_name: past_significant_weather
- names: Reported past significant weather phenomena, past_significant_weather
- var_id: stationname
- long_name: Station ID number
- names: Station ID number
- units: 1
- standard_name: cloud_area_fraction
- var_id: clt
- long_name: Total cloud cover (oktas)
- names: cloud_area_fraction, Total cloud cover (oktas)
- units: degree
- standard_name: wind_from_direction
- var_id: wd
- long_name: Wind Direction at mast height (~10m)
- names: wind_from_direction, Wind Direction at mast height (~10m)
- standard_name: wind_speed_of_gust
- units: meters per second
- var_id: wg
- long_name: Wind Gust Speed at mast height (~10m)
- names: wind_speed_of_gust, Wind Gust Speed at mast height (~10m)
- standard_name: wind_speed
- units: meters per second
- var_id: ws
- long_name: Wind speed at mast height (~10m)
- names: wind_speed, Wind speed at mast height (~10m)
- standard_name: altitude
- var_id: altitude
- units: meters
- long_name: altitude of station site
- names: altitude, altitude of station site
- long_name: station ID code at time step
- var_id: station_identification_code
- names: station ID code at time step
Co-ordinate Variables
- units: degrees_north
- standard_name: latitude
- var_id: latitude
- long_name: station latitude
- names: latitude, station latitude
- units: degrees_east
- standard_name: longitude
- var_id: longitude
- long_name: station longitude
- names: longitude, station longitude
- standard_name: time
- var_id: time
- long_name: time_of_measurement
- names: time, time_of_measurement
Temporal Range
1931-01-01T00:00:00
2018-12-31T23:59:59
Geographic Extent
90.0000° |
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-180.0000° |
180.0000° |
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-90.0000° |